![]() ![]() There may also be evidence of pleural effusion. Involvement is often diffuse and bilateral 9. CTĪtypical pneumonia has a pattern of focal ground-glass opacity in a lobular distribution. The radiographic features are often more extensive than what is suggested clinically. Subsegmental and sometimes segmental atelectasis from small airway obstruction may occur. These opacities are especially seen in the perihilar lung 5. Radiographic features Plain radiographīecause the inflammation is often limited to the pulmonary interstitium and the interlobular septa, atypical pneumonia has the radiographic features of patchy reticular or reticulonodular opacities. As there is often no exudate in the alveolar air spaces, consolidation is less common in atypical pneumonia than in bacterial pneumonia of more typical causative organisms. In atypical pneumonia, the inflammation is often confined to the pulmonary interstitium and the interlobular septa this causes the characteristic radiological features of atypical pneumonia. Infection prompts an immune response, necrosis and inflammation. Viruses including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinoviruses, varicella viruses and adenovirusĬoxiella burnetii (the causative organism of Q fever pneumonia) Legionella pneumophila : Legionella pneumonia The most common cause of atypical pneumonia is Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Ĭhlamydophila pneumoniae: Chlamydia pneumonia PathologyĪtypical pneumonia may be caused by a variety of pathogens. More insidious onset and protracted clinical courseĪ mixture of upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms and signsĭespite these characteristic features, there is often considerable overlap between the clinical features of typical bacterial pneumonia and atypical pneumonia 2. More pronounced constitutional symptoms such as a headache and myalgia The presentation of atypical pneumonia is often similar to the presentation of more typical bacterial pneumonia. However, there are some clinical features that are more characteristic of atypical pneumonia 2: Coxiella burnetii infection ( Q fever pneumonia) is associated with exposure to livestock 4. Specific causative organisms have other associated epidemiological associations for example, Legionella pneumophila (see Legionella pneumonia) infection is associated with immunocompromised patients and exposure to contaminated aerosolized water (for example, from air conditioning systems). It is especially associated with patients living in close community settings.Ĭhlamydophila pneumoniae ( Chlamydia pneumonia) is the causative organism in up to 10% of CAP, and similarly to Mycoplasma pneumoniae it often affects pediatric populations and young adults. Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( mycoplasma pneumonia) is the causative organism in up to 20% of CAP and is often seen in pediatric populations and young adults 3. Atypical pneumonia makes up a significant proportion of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). ![]()
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